Grammar reference

173

Grammar reference

Indefinite pronouns

people

things

places

some

somebody⁄someone

something

somewhere

any

anybody⁄anyone

anything

anywhere

every

everybody⁄everyone

everything

everywhere

nobody⁄no one

nothing

nowhere

We use indefinite pronouns to talk about people, things or places without saying exactly who,

what or where they are:

There’s

someone

here.

I don’t know

anyone

in my new school

Is there

anything

in the box?

Everything

was fine

I looked

everywhere

for the keys

Nobody

goes to school on Sunday

too

⁄

too much

⁄

too many

⁄

(not) enough

We use

too

to mean more than is necessary:

This homework is

too

hard

We use

too much

with uncountable nouns and

too many

with countable nouns:

There’s

too much

sugar in this coffee

There are

too many

people here

We use

not enough

with countable and uncountable nouns to mean less than is necessary:

She has

n’t

got

enough

money to buy the DVD

There are

n’t

enough

sandwiches

should

We use

should

to give or ask advice.

You

should go

back to bed, you’re still ill.

Peter

shouldn’t drink

soft drinks so much. It’s bad for his health.

What

should I wear

at the part on Saturday?

Defining relative clauses

We use a defining relative clause to say exactly which person, thing or place we mean.

Pronoun

People

Anne is the girl

who⁄that

lives next door.

Things

This is the book

which⁄that

I got for my birthday.

Places

The school

where

I study is very

modern.

both, several, all

We use

both

to talk about two things or people together.

Both students

performed very well at the competition.

We use

several

to talk about an amount or number which is

fewer than many

Several teachers

came to our class concert.

We use

all

when we mean

everyone

everything

the whole

. We use it with a countable or

uncountable noun after it.

All the contestants

are well-prepared.

All this food

is for Mila’s party on Sunday.

Unit 4

Unit 5

Unit 6