Castello Visconteo Sforzesco, Vigevano, Italy/De Agostini Picture Library/G. Cigolini),

114 (Tsar Simeon taking Adrianople, 914, Detail, Turkey/De Agostini Picture

Library/A. De Gregorio); Caters News Agency pp.41 (monkey); Corbis pp.9 (morning

exercise/Gong Bo/Xinhua Press), 9 (woman sleeping/Bloomimage), 12 (boy holding

video camera/David Deas/DK Stock), 14 (father and son watching TV/Hero Images),

14 (teen girls eating pizza/Kevin Dodge), 41 (monkeys and bear on cars at safari park/

Michael S. Yamashita), 51 (Florence Griffith-Joyner running race/Gilbert Iundt; Jean-

Yves Ruszniewski/TempSport), 51 (Olympic Games Los Angeles 1984, Carl Lewis/Leo

Mason), 52 (Grace Hopper using early computer/Bettmann), 68 (screaming fans at a

Beatles Concert/Michael Ochs), 93 (hockey/Juice Images), 105 (watching television/

SuperStock), 109 (Neil Armstrong/Buzz Aldrin), 111 (Shotover Jet/Lisa Wiltse),

114 (ice climber/Ashley Cooper), 118 (teacher/Sean De Burca), 118 (playing keyboard/

Amy Eckert); Getty Images pp.4 (young woman with star balloon/Compassionate Eye

Foundation/Chris Windsor), 4 (baby with fake moustache/Annette Bunch), 4 (Star

Wars fans/Anadolu Agency), 9 (traffic jam/Levi Bianco), 9 (teenagers watching TV/

Howard Kingsnorth), 14 (tennis balls and racquet/Jupiterimages), 18 (congratulations

card and envelope/VisualField), 18 (instant messaging on mobile phone/William

Andrew), 23 (man locating whales/Gerard Soury), 33 (crowd at football match/Elsa),

35 (family barbecue/Jose Luis Pelaez Inc), 38 (optical illusion of man holding woman/

Pam Williams/EyeEm), 39 (optical illusion of women hanging on man’s arms/Joerg

Fockenberg/EyeEm), 39 (illusion of man jumping in woman’s hands/Cultura RM\

Kacey Klonsky), 39 (illusion of headless boy/David Trood), 45 (rescuing elephant/

Diptendu Dutta), 48 (Twista/Brad Barket), 50 (Albert Einstein/ullstein bild), 52 (Marie

Curie/ullstein bild), 52 (Judit Polgar, chess grandmaster/Yvonne Hemsey), 52 (portrait

of Charles Dickens/Mondadori), 53 (William James Sidis/Archive Photos), 53 (Twista/

Brad Barket), 55 (Agatha Christie/Popperfoto), 62 (camping in the Libyan desert/

Konrad Wothe/LOOK-foto), 68 (classical quartet performing/Caiaimage/Tom Merton),

68 (The Sex Pistols performing/Richard E. Aaron), 79 (teen brothers playing with

snake/Tony Anderson), 90 (fireworks/Blend Images – Granger Wootz), 90 (wedding

reception/Caiaimage/Tom Merton), 93 (school kids/Nancy Honey), 94 (Little Mix/Scott

Legato), 100 (Katie Hoff/Armando Arorizo/Bloomberg), 100 (Dame Sarah Storey/

Christopher Lee), 104 (teen boy in bedroom/Photofusion/Universal Images Group),

105 (watching Super Bowl/Stephen Ehlers), 105 (watching film/Findlay Kember),

107 (selfie in mirror/Low Bao Er/EyeEm), 108 (girl running/David Sacks), 110 (Jamal

Edwards/Tristan Fewings), 115 (dinner/fstop.123), 115 (vertical rollercoaster/

Yoshikazu Tsuno/AFP); Gillian Lowe pp.112 (Yarn bombing); iStockphoto p.41 (street

entertainer/Philip_Willcocks); Melanie Black pp.12 (Painting Sneakers); Oxford

University Press pp.9 (teenagers eating burgers/Stockbyte), 14 (woman with

shopping bags/Tetra Images), 18 (telephone/Stockbyte), 18 (smartphone/Umberto

Shtanzman), 18 (text message/Brian A Jackson), 18 (email send button/Erdal Bayhan),

22 (smartphone/Umberto Shtanzman), 30 (dinosaur skeleton/Nigel Reed

QEDimages), 50 (active nerve cell/Sebastian Kaulitzki), 60 (explorer/Stokkete),

60 (young man with glasses/Jacqueline Veissid), 60 (smiling woman/Fancy),

60 (mature man/Andersen Ross), 60 (portrait of woman/Cultura), 60 (angry

businessman/Helder Almeida), 63 (sky/Grisha Bruev), 65 (school girl/Chris King),

72 (microphone/Dunca Daniel Mihai), 78 (girl having injection/Ocean),

82 (snowboarding/IM_photo), 82 (person skiing/Dudarev Mikhail), 89 (man on

phone/Huntstock, Inc), 91 (bedroom/Yellow Dog Productions), 91 (child dancing/

Michael C. Gray), 91 (young woman/Joana Lopes), 91 (messy bedroom/Chris King),

109 (astronaut footprint/NASA), 111 (bungee jumper/Imagemore), 112 (wool/revers),

113 (making snowman/Daniel Dempster Photography), 113 (family/Chris King),

113 (tourist/Andrew Palmer), 113 (friends/Laurence Mouton), 118 (laboratory/Matej

Kastelic), 119 (band/John Bentley); Press Association Images pp.40 (firefighter giving

koala bear a drink/Mark Pardew/AP), 44 (Liverpool Street Underground Station

T-Mobile Flash Mob/Jeff Moore/Empics Entertainment), 51 (St Louis Olympic Games

1904/S&G/S&G and Barratts/EMPICS Sport), 52 (Kieron Williamson with painting/

Kirsty Wigglesworth/AP); Rex Features pp.30 (miniature shoes/Sipa Press), 48 (man

pulling aeroplane/Rachen Sageamsak); Rex Shutterstock p.48 (

The Hunger Games,

Mockingjay Part 1

2014/Murray Close/Color Force/Lionsgate/Kobal), pp.93 (school

dinner/John Birdsall), 93 (classroom/Caiaimage), 115 (Cage of Death at Crocosaurus

Cove/Newspix); Shutterstock pp.4 (family with boxes on heads/Ilike), 4 (grandfather

holding baby/bikeriderlondon), 10 (vector characters/Virinaflora), 15 (young woman

smiling/RyFlip), 17 (Lady Gaga/s_bukley), 18 (family doing video call/Production

Perig), 20 (texting/Andresr), 20 (emoticons/RypeArts), 20 (messy girl/Mandy

Godbehear), 42 (red squirrel/Mark Medcalf ), 42 (taking photo of people skiing/Ivan

Smuk), 49 (stack of dollars/Pakhnyushchy), 50 (brain impulses/Alex Mit),

52 (Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart/Everett Historical), 52 (Leonardo da Vinci/Everett

Historical), 52 (Mona Lisa/S-F), 60 (middle-aged woman/Blend Images), 69 (Death

Angel performing on stage/TDC Photography), 70 (sound desk/Anna Baburkina),

70 (avatar portraits/Kakigori Studio), 72 (colourful shooting stars/Mike Monahan),

78 (feet on cliff edge/LuckyImages), 79 (rollercoaster/Racheal Grazias),

81 (rollercoaster/Racheal Grazias), 82 (person mountain biking/Maxim Petrichuk),

82 (ice hockey/photosthatrock), 85 (ski patrol helping injured woman/CandyBox

Images), 85 (helicopter/John Orsbun), 100 (Lewis Hamilton/efecreata mediagroup),

107 (selfie/michaeljung), 110 (instrument/tele52), 110 (musical instruments/lamnee),

110 (castanets/Iamnee), 112 (woman explores city/RossHelen), 113 (sign language/

robynleigh), 113 (hand beckoning/Antonio Guillem), 113 (thumbs up/Malyugin),

115 (Rhodope mountain landscape/Stanislav Nikolov), 115 (city boy/Sabphoto),

115 (Rhodope mountains/Flaviya), 116 (man eating yoghurt/Lilyana Vynogradova),

116 (couple drinking water/Aleksandr Markin), 116 (girl sleeping/dragon_fang),

116 (bike ride/Jacek Chabraszewski); Twitter pp.19 (logo).

Commissioned Photography by

: Gareth Boden pp.6, 7

Video Stills by

: Oxford University Press pp.9, 14, 19, 24, 29, 34, 39, 44, 49, 59, 54, 64,

69, 74, 79, 84

Sources

: p.116 World Health statistics https://gateway.euro.who.int/en/country-

profiles/bulgaria

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acknowledgements

The author would like to express heartfelt thanks to all of the Oxford University Press staff

involved in this project.

The publisher would like to thank Rebecca Lesourd for writing the My country sections and

Detelina Marinova for her valuable contributions as consultant.

The authors and publisher are grateful to those who have given permission to reproduce the

following adaptation of copyright material

: p.40 Adapted extract from “That’s me in the

picture: David Tree, 44, gives water to a koala, 1 February 2009, Victoria, Australia”

by Erica Buist, www.theguardian.com, 6 February 2015. Copyright Guardian News &

Media Ltd 2015. Reproduced by permission.

Cover photographs reproduced with permission from

: Oxford University Press (student

reading book in library/Comstock); Alamy Images (group of teenage friends/F1online

digitale Bildagentur GmbH).

Illustrations by

: Alan Rowe pp.17, 20, 26, 31, 37, 46, 92, 116; Dave Smith pp.28, 29;

David Oakley/Arnos; Design Ltd pp.114 (map); Giorgio Bacchin/Beehive Illustration

Agency pp.106 Kevin Hopgood (Beehive Illustration) pp.5, 8, 9, 27, 32, 38, 63, 67, 77,

88, 95, 97, 99, 101; Laszlo Veres/Beehive Illustration Agency pp.103; Mark Draisey

pp.82, 83; Norbert Sipos pp.58, 59, 62; Ron Tiner pp.98; Rory Walker pp.13, 21, 22,

61; Simon Cooper/The Organisation pp.11, 47, 73, 86, 87, 117

The publisher would like to thank the following for permission to reproduce photographs

: 123RF

pp.18 (abstract blue background/Evgeny Illarionov), 19 (happy emoticon/Chornii

Yevhenii), 35 (fireworks/hypermania2), 42 (family in boat in Thailand/Yongkiet

Jitwattanatam), 70 (teenager with sunglasses and headphones/Brosa), 70 (avatar sad

expression/yupiramos), 70 (winking face/yupiramos), 70 (face with sunglasses/

yupiramos), 70 (smiling avatar/yupiramos), 70 (surprised face/yupiramos), 90 (gifts/

Joshua Rainey), 90 (wedding cake/Yutthana Prempho), 94 (actor/suchota),

107 (underwater selfie/BlueOrange Studio), 115 (cable cars/Treerat Yooyangyuen);

Alamy Images pp.4 (women dressed up as clowns/Michael DeFreitas North America ),

9 (shopping/OJO Images Ltd), 18 (two students/MBI), 23 (dolphins/natureworld),

30 (Bluebird CN7 car/World History Archive), 38 (optical illusion of man walking on

head/David Litschel), 39 (perspective trick photo/Mark Green), 42 (Chinese New Year/

Chinese New Year), 45 (mountain rescue, ski resort/Hemis), 48 (

Murder on the Orient

Express

book cover/Hikupic), 68 (The John Santos Sextet performing/Craig Lovell/

Eagle Visions Photograph), 69 (Jurassic 5, hip hop group/Pictorial Press Ltd), 78 (teens

watching scary movie/Cultura Creative), 79 (young woman rock climbing/Aurora

Photos), 80 (screaming girl on ride/Richard Cooke), 81 (virtual reality headset/Cliff

Hide News); Alamy Stock Photo pp.20 (customised trainers/Paul Hartnett/PYMCA),

pp.49 (Paula Radcliffe/David Pearson), 89 (woman on phone/Andre Babiak),

94 (Theatre advert/Mim Friday), 99 (zoopraxiscope/Chronicle), 99 (Wallace and

Gromit/Pictorial Press Ltd), 104 (drama class/Ian Allenden), 107 (

Self Portrait

(1888),

Vincent van Gogh/Peter Horree), 108 (Dennis Kimetto/Pacific Press), 109 (plane/

Images-USA), 112 (tramcar/Pluto), 115 (National Theatre, Sofia/Rosen Dimitrov),

115 (Roman Amphitheater, Plovdiv/Duby Tal/Albatross), 117 (brown bear/Emil

Enchev), 117 (Edelweiss flower/Arto Hakola), 117 (tortoise/FLPA), 118 (teen girl/

Design Pics Inc), 118 (Gadulka instrument/imageBROKER), 118 (Bulgarian traditional

dance/Universal Images Group North America LLC/DeAgostini), 119 (Bulgaria

carnival/Tuul and Bruno Morandi), 119 (Kukeri mask costume/Nikolay Dimitrov);

Bridgeman Images p.30 (Geta traditional Japanese women’s footwear, 1900, Japan,

20th century/Museo della Calzatura e della Tecnica Calzaturiera ‘Petro Bertolini’,